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Posts Tagged ‘Cancer Breast’

22
Aug

Educate Yourself About Breast Cancer Prevention

Breast cancer prevention is important for women to learn about, especially since breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women. The American Cancer Society’s web site reports that over two-hundred thousand women were diagnosed with this disease in 2006 and there are over two million women in the United States who have received treatment for breast cancer. With numbers this staggering, preventing cancer should be a priority for all women.
Thanks to all the new treatments available to women, death rates from breast cancer have declined in the last several years. When deciding how to go about lowering your chances of developing breast cancer, you should consider your risk factors. A risk factor is something that can increase a person’s risk of developing cancer.
Some risk factors can be controlled but others are considered irrepressible. Uncontrollable risk factors are age, gender, family history, genetic make-up, race and even personal medical history. Lifestyle risks usually fall in the “controllable” category.
These are things such as not exercising enough, being overweight, eating a diet high in fat, using birth control and smoking. It is important to take a look at your own lifestyle and family history to determine if you are susceptible to any of these risk factors.
There are certain medications available to women who fall under high risk factors for breast cancer. The drug Tamoxifen has been used in the United States for over twenty-five years to help in the fight for breast cancer prevention. The drug is taken once daily as a pill and interferes with the female hormone estrogen, preventing it from attaching itself to cells in the breast tissue.
This medication can also be used to treat women already diagnosed with breast cancer because it can slow down or cease the growth of cancerous cells. Tamoxifen has even been associated with helping prevent a recurrence in women who previously suffered from breast cancer.
A more common way to prevent breast cancer is through mammograms. A mammogram is an x-ray of the breast and is the most common form of prevention. Women who are over forty years of age should get mammograms on a yearly basis.
For women in their twenty’s and thirty’s, the American Cancer Society’s web site recommends getting clinical breast exams at least every three years from a medical professional. This test is performed using the tips of the fingers to check the entire breast area and under the arm.
In addition to mammograms and clinical breast exams, women should also perform breast self exams each month to recognize any signs of lumps or abnormalities in the tissue.
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) is able to help women who fall within the lower poverty levels, are uninsured or underserved gain access to screenings for breast cancer. This program is called the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program.
The CDC’s web site touts it has served more than two million women under this program since its inception in 1991. In 2000, Congress expanded this service by opening it up to women who are on Medicaid. This breast cancer control act, formally titled the Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment Act, is a way to help women, who may have little access to quality health care, have a chance at breast and cervical cancer prevention.
Breast cancer prevention can be a simple way to help you live a healthier life. Although not all risk factors are controllable, there are ways to help you recognize the warning signs of cancer. Be smart and know your body so you can live cancer free.

Visit Mike Selvon cancer prevention portal for more information on breast cancer prevention, and leave a comment at our cancer prevention blog. Don’t forget to claim your FREE self help ebook on dealing with cancer.
Product Review

21
Aug

Breast Cancer Affecting Women

Breast cancer can affect women and men alike and is the second most common type of cancer worldwide next to lung cancer. Breast cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Among women, this cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. It is more prominent in industrially developed countries than in countries not industrially developed.There are plenty of signs or symptoms involved with detecting breast cancer. The most notable sign or symptom is the discovery of a lump. This lump usually feels different than the surrounding tissue. More than 80 percent of cases are discovered by the woman doing a self-test and finding a lump on the breast according to the Merck Manual. The first red flag discovered by doctors is through mammograms according to American Cancer Society.Breast Cancer SymptomsHaving breast cancer is no longer the death sentence that it used to be. The medical profession has made some amazing strides in breast cancer detection and treatment options. However, the key to having the best chance of survival is early detection. That is why every woman owes it to herself and needs to educate herself on the five most common warning signs of breast cancer.The most common sign of breast cancer is noticing a lump in the breast or a thickening of the breast. Breast lumps can often be just fatty tissue and not cancerous, but that is the first sign that normally sends people to go see their doctor to have a thorough examination.Tips on Breast CancerNew information has been discovered by research about the causes of breast cancer. It is now believed that genetic and/or hormonal factors are the main risk factors for breast cancer. Doctors can identify how cancer has spread by using staging systems and this helps them to make the best decisions in regards to treatment options. These treatments options can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy, biological therapy and treatment choices by stage.The best thing that women can do is try to prevent breast cancer before it happens. You should try to eliminate undue stress in your life and this may require you to make a change in your current lifestyle. You should eat a proper diet and make sure that you participate in a regular exercise program.Treatment For Breast CancerAccording to Lothar Hirneise, world renowned cancer researcher, cancer cannot exist without stress. And there are a number of reasons for this.1. When the mind is under constant stress the body produces high levels of the stress hormone Cortisol. Consistent high levels of Cortisol in the body suppress the immune system. The immune system is responsible for destroying rogue cancer cells in the body.2. When the mind is under constant stress the body releases and is eventually depleted of Adrenaline. People with cancer possess virtually no adrenaline in their cells. Instead, the cells of cancer patients are overloaded with insulin and too much sugar.Surgery is one option for breast cancer treatment. When surgery is indicated, there are several different types your surgeon may perform. In a mastectomy, the entire breast is removed. In a lumpectomy, just an area of the breast containing the cancer is removed. The choice depends on many factors. Your health care professional can help you to understand these factors.Chemotherapy is another breast cancer treatment that is fairly common. Chemotherapy affects the entire body by going through the bloodstream. The goal is to rid the body of any cancer cells that could have possibly spread from the breast into other parts of the body. Today this type of treatment is much more effective with fewer side effects than in previous years.

20
Aug

Nhs Spend On Testicular And Prostate Cancer Compared To Breast And Cervical ?

Me and the wife were having a discussing about the relative nhs investment and mortality rates of male and female cancers (as she is a school nurse assistant). I maintain that male cancers (testicular / prostate) are not taken as seriously as female cancers (breast and cervical) and have less investment in them. Does anyone know if there is a disparity between the four cancers and why this is the case?
Please don’t cloud the issue by telling me that men suffer with breast cancer, I know!

20
Aug

Diet and Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a cancer of the glandular breast tissue. Breast cancer affects one in eight women during their lives. Breast cancer may be one of the oldest known forms of cancer tumors in humans. Breast cancer kills more women in the United States than any cancer except lung cancer. Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer in women and the second most common cause of cancer death in women in the U.S. While the majority of new breast cancers are diagnosed as a result of an abnormality seen on a mammogram, a lump or change in consistency of the breast tissue can also be a warning sign of the disease. Breast cancer is the most common cause of death in women between the ages of 45 and 55. Although breast cancer in women is a common form of cancer, male breast cancer does occur and accounts for about 1% of all cancer deaths in men. Breast cancer usually begins with the formation of a small, confined tumor. Some tumors are benign, meaning they do not invade other tissue; others are malignant, or cancerous. Malignant tumors have the potential to metastasize, or spread. Some risk factors, such as your age, and family history, can’t be changed, whereas others, including weight, smoking and a poor diet, are under your control.

A woman’s risk of breast cancer is higher mother, sister, or daughter had breast cancer. The risk can actually be lower if you have a short menstrual life, large family or first child before age 18 years. Men have a lower risk of developing breast cancer (approximately 1.08 per 100,000 men per year), but this risk appears to be rising. Other risks include being overweight, using hormone replacement therapy, taking birth control pills, drinking alcohol, not having children or having your first child after age 35 or having dense breasts. Alcohol appears to increase the risk of breast cancer, though meaningful increases are limited to higher alcohol intake levels. Breast cancer constitutes about 7.3% of all cancers. Symptoms of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in size or shape of the breast or discharge from a nipple. Most breast lumps are benign , that is, they are not cancer. Benign breast tumors are abnormal growths, but they do not spread outside of the breast and they are not life threatening.

Treatment of breast cancer include Radiation Therapy, Chemotherapy, Hormone Therapy, and Immune Therapy. Certain foods, vitamins, or minerals may interfere with cancer treatment. Drink plenty of fluids but avoid drinks during meals because they may cause a bloated feeling. Proteins: May provide protein, iron, zinc, and B vitamins. Meats, beans, nuts, and seeds provide these benefits. Some seeds, like almonds, are good sources of vitamin E. Dairy products: Milk and cheese provide calcium, protein, and vitamin B12. Grains: Breads, pasta, rice, and cereals provide carbohydrates and B vitamins. Carbohydrates are an important source of energy. Eat cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, bok choy, and brussel sprouts – which contain plant phytochemicals that lower blood estrogen levels by increasing the estrogen detoxification capacity of the liver. Try cool foods. Warm foods may worsen nausea. Do not eat or drink until vomiting is under control.

Breast Cancer Treatrment and Diet Tips

1.Eat a diet lower in fat, ideally no more than 18% of your daily caloric intake.

2. Use “good” fats — monounsaturated and omega-3 fats – from olive oil, flax seed oil, almond oil and canola oil, as well as fats from deep-sea fish.

3. Eat cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, bok choy, and brussel sprouts.

4. Eat a diet high in fiber, with plant-based sources of protein.

5. Soy, aim for 1 to 2 servings of soy products per day.

6. Tea (black or green), aim for 3 to 5 servings per day.

7. Nitrates and nitrites, avoid cured meats when possible.

8. Carbohydrates are an important source of energy.

Juliet Cohen writes articles on diseases and conditions and women health care. More information on health related topics visit our site at http://www.health-care-articles.info.
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20
Aug

Three Basic Options Of Breast Cancer Treatment

Breast cancer has been deemed as the most common type of cancer among women today. There are many documented cases of men experiencing this condition as well. Normally, this specific type of cancer is related to normal changes that occur within the breast of a female on a monthly basis. While these changes are normal, it is important to understand that the growth, or tumors, that can develop may prove to be cancerous. It is also important to remember that not all growths in the breast area are cancerous.
Cancerous growths that occur as a result of breast cancer can quickly spread to other locations throughout the body. This is why medical professionals stress the importance of conducting basic self-examinations of the breast on a monthly basis. If this disease is discovered in the early stages of development, there are a few basic treatment options available. If it is discovered in the later stages, there is still hope for successful treatment. Here, you will learn about these treatment options.
There are a few basic breast cancer treatment options. Before selecting a treatment for this condition, it is important for you to understand the ultimate goals behind them. The first goal, naturally, is to eliminate all traces of breast cancer in the body. The second is to ensure that the effective steps have been taken to reduce the possibility of the cancer returning. The determination of the treatment normally depends on the extent of the cancer, as well as the areas of the body that are affected.
Surgery is a common treatment option when it comes to breast cancer. Medical professionals will examine the type of cancer that is being experienced, as well as the progression of the disease before suggesting surgery. If a person is suffering from a growth in the breast area that is cancerous, they may need to participate in a surgery that works to save the breast. This type of breast cancer surgery results in the lump, growth, or ‘cancer’ to be extracted from the breast while the breast is kept in place.
Many individuals who experience breast cancer may have a large amount of cancerous cells in the breast itself. These cancerous cells may be so immense that they are starting to spread to other areas in the body. Many professionals who deal with this type of breast cancer will suggest a ‘mastectomy’. This is a surgery that requires the entire breast to be removed from the body. This is normally performed in the advanced stages of breast cancer. However, if it is deemed as an appropriate procedure in the early stages of breast cancer, it will be done then too.
Many medical professionals have found that by providing a person who is infected with breast cancer various types of hormones, the cancer is stopped. This is a very productive treatment when it comes to preventing this type of cancer. As a matter of fact, if an individual has breast cancer surgery, most doctors will implement the treatment of hormone therapy in order to ensure that the cancer does not return. If you suffer from this type of cancer, it is important to discuss this option with your physician.
Radiation is also a common treatment for breast cancer patients. This is an important procedure for sufferers because of the fact that this treatment can effectively eliminate the amount of cells that are cancerous in the body. Many times, this procedure is most commonly used after an individual has had breast cancer surgery. This treatment will work to destroy any lingering breast cancer cells after surgery has been concluded.
As you can see, there are a number of treatment options available for those who experience breast cancer. If you suffer from this devastating disease, it is important that you learn as much as you possibly can about the condition.
You should work closely with your doctor to ensure that you experiment with a treatment that will be most effective for your specific needs when it comes to breast cancer. For individuals with this disease, there is a lot of hope. Most treatment methods are effective, and many will recover from the disease successfully.

Alex Olson is a professional journalist. Many of her articles are written about health issues. If you want to find out some information on cancer and breast cancer in particular, you can find it at in her articles.
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19
Aug

Breast Cancer Detection – Early Detection of Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer Detection – Early Detection of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer detection is crucial in finding and treating breast cancer. Many people simply react to the symptoms of breast cancer, which at that point is often too late.

Therefore it can make a life changing difference (literally) to be taught effective breast cancer detection techniques so that you stand the best possible chance of fighting the cancer from day one.

After all, most cancers can be cured when they are dealt with early enough.

One way is breast cancer screening. Screening is looking for cancer before a person has any symptoms. This can help find cancer at an early stage. When abnormal tissue or cancer is found early, it may be easier to treat. By the time symptoms appear, cancer may have begun to spread.

It is easier to treat the cancer patient when found in time. Early detection of breast cancer means that you can find breast cancer and start treating it before it has time to grow and spread.

The cure is very promising when finding breast cancer in its early stages. If you don’t get early screening for breast cancer and get the pain or symptoms of breast cancer then the cancer may have started to grow larger and even could have spread out beyond the breast. This is why early detection is so important in finding breast cancer at its earliest stage.

When breast cancer is found during early exams it is most likely to be in the breast and smaller in size, not having the time to grow larger and spread out beyond the breast. If it is found later on then it may have had the time to get larger and spread beyond the breast.

This can be prevented if you decide to get early detection for breast cancer. Early detection can find the cancer before it can grow larger in size causing more problems. The size of breast cancer that is detected and how much it has spread is how a doctor will determine the outlook for a patient.

Breast cancer detection can save many lives every year. If you go to get early screening and can get other people you know to get screened for breast cancer then you can help to save lives. Getting your loved ones and friends to get early screening may also help to save their lives.

Breast cancer that is detected early and treated at that time is more likely to be removed with success. It can improve your chances of being cured when found early. So it is important to get to your doctor when your reach a certain age to start getting early detection for breast cancer and understanding the many other ways you can practice breast cancer detection through professional advice.

Breast cancer is often a problem that is clouded with myths, false information and fear. It doesn’t have to be this way at all.
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18
Aug

What Is The Fake Plastic Breast They Give To Breast Cancer Patient Is Call In English?

I do search and search on Google and cannot find the answer.
What is the key word for that thing. For the key word “plastic breast for cancer patient” rendering breast augmentation and the answers that are not quite close to what I am looking for.

Thanks

17
Aug

Breast Cancer – Types of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in the cells of the breast Worldwide, breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer after lung cancer (10.4% of all cancer incidence, both sexes counted) and the fifth most common cause of cancer death. Worldwide, breast cancer is by far the most common cancer amongst women, with an incidence rate more than twice that of colorectal cancer and cervical cancer and about three times that of lung cancer. However breast cancer mortality worldwide is just 25% greater than that of lung cancer in women. In 2005, breast cancer caused 502,000 deaths worldwide (7% of cancer deaths; almost 1% of all deaths).The number of cases worldwide has significantly increased since the 1970s, a phenomenon partly blamed on modern lifestyles in the Western world.

In most cases, it isn’t clear what causes normal breast cells to become cancerous. Doctors do know that only 5 percent to 10 percent of breast cancers are inherited. Families that do have genetic defects in one of two genes, breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) or breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2), have a much greater risk of developing both breast and ovarian cancer. Other inherited mutations — including the ataxia-telangiectasia mutation gene, the cell-cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK-2) gene and the p53 tumor suppressor gene — also make it more likely that you’ll develop breast cancer. If one of these genes is present in your family, you have a 50 percent chance of having the gene.

Inflammatory breast cancer is a type of breast cancer that involves the skin of the breast. This type of cancer comprises less than 4% of all breast cancers diagnosed each year in the US. The physical symptoms of inflammatory breast cancer include redness of the skin of the breast and a general swelling of the breast. In some cases, a lump may be present.

Types of Breast Cancer

Tumor grade: If the cancer is an invasive type, the pathologist assigns it a grade. The grade is based on how closely cells in the sample tissue resemble normal breast tissue under the microscope. The grading information, along with the cell type, helps your doctor determine treatment options.

Tubular carcinoma: This rare type of breast cancer gets its name from the appearance of the cancer cells under a microscope. Though it’s an invasive breast cancer, the outlook is more favorable than it is for invasive ductal carcinoma or invasive lobular carcinoma.

Metaplastic carcinoma: Met plastic carcinoma represents less than 1 percent of all newly diagnosed breast cancers. This lesion tends to remain localized and contains several different types of cells that are not typically seen in other forms of breast cancer. Prognosis and treatment is the same as for invasive ductal carcinoma.

Lobular Carcinoma In Situ is NOT cancer. But it’s a sign that the woman who has it is 6 to 7 more times likely to develop cancer, over the course of her lifetime, than a woman who doesn’t have LCIS: the same risk you’d be at if your mother and sister both had cancer.

Most lumps turn out to be fibrocystic changes. The term “fibrocystic” refers to fibrosis and cysts. Fibrosis is the formation of fibrous (or scar-like) tissue, and cysts are fluid-filled sacs. Fibrocystic changes can cause breast swelling and pain. This often happens just before a period is about to begin. Your breasts may feel lumpy and, sometimes, you may notice a clear or slightly cloudy nipple discharge.

17
Aug

Genetic Risk Factors In Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women in the United States.  In 2008, approximately 184,450 patients were estimated to be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, and an estimated 40,930 were estimated to die of this disease.   Furthermore, over 50,000 female carcinoma in situ breast cases would have been diagnosed.  The etiology of breast cancer is poorly understood with multiple genetic and environmental factors involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. 

 

Scandinavian Twin Study:  For years, there has been a hot debate as to whether the cause of breast cancer is genetic or environmental.  Then in 2000, Lichtenstein and his colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden published their study of 44,788 pairs of twins from the Swedish, Danish, and Finnish twin registries.  In this study, they looked at cancer risk with 28 different types of cancers and did statistical modeling of genetic and hereditary contributions in eleven different cancer types.  For breast cancer, they clearly showed that only 27% of breast cancers were due to genetic factors.  This was an even lower hereditary component than other common cancers such as prostate and colorectal.  This study and others have confirmed the fact that over 70% of breast cancers are influenced by environmental factors.

 

BRCA genes:  Although much attention has been made about hereditary breast cancer, only two genes are commonly tested for breast cancer risk assessment.  These two genes are tumor suppressor genes named “BRCA1″ and “BRCA2″ that are involved with DNA repair.  These two genes only account for about 5% of all breast cancers.  Because of the Scandinavian twin study, most experts believed that there are other yet to be discovered genes involved with breast cancer.  Because the chance of having a BRCA mutation in the general population is so low, genetic testing is not indicated in most patients.  However, if a patient has a family history of breast cancer, then a mathematical model can be used to determine if BRCA testing is indicated.  The likelihood of being a BRCA carrier increases with the number of relatives who had cancer and if the cancers occurred earlier in life.  For example, in families with four or more cases of breast or ovarian cancer under the age of 60, over 80% are found to have a damaged version of BRCA1 or BRCA2.  If a patient is a carrier of one or both of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, her risk of breast cancer dramatically increases.  According to estimates of lifetime risk, about 13.2% (132 out of 1,000 individuals) of women in the general population will develop breast cancer, compared with estimates of 36-85% (360-850 out of 1,000) of women with an altered BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene.  In other words, women with an altered BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 gene are up to eight times more likely to develop breast cancer than women without alterations in those genes.  The BRCA1 mutation confers a higher risk than a BRCA2 mutation.  Women who inherit a damaged BRCA1 gene have a 60-85% chance of developing breast cancer at some stage in their lives and a 20-40% chance of developing ovarian cancer.  For BRCA2, the risks are 40-60% and 10-20%, respectively.  

 

Family History and Breast Cancer:  Although the spotlight in hereditary breast cancer has been directed on the BRCA genes, the majority of patients with a family history of breast cancer are BRCA1 and BRCA2 negative.  Even in these BRCA negative patients, however, there is an increased risk of developing cancer with a family history of breast cancer.   Six factors (unrelated to BRCA genes) have been studied in patients with a family history of breast cancer.  They are as follows:

 

1.  Degree of relationship:  If the family member with a history of cancer is a first degree relative, the increased risk is much greater than for second degree relatives. 

2.  Number of relatives who have had breast cancer:  People with two or more family members who have had breast cancer are at higher risk than those with only one affected relative.

3.  Age of onset of cancer:  If the relative developed breast cancer at an early age (pre-menopausal), the risk is higher than if the relative developed post menopausal breast cancer.

4.  Bilateral breast cancer:  If the relative has a history of bilateral breast cancer, the risk is greater than having a relative with unilateral breast cancer.

5.  Gender of the relative:  If the family member with breast cancer is a man, the risk is higher.

6.  Other related early onset tumors:  If there is a family history of early onset ovarian cancer, this incurs an increased risk for a person.

 

How to decide whether you need the BRCA gene test

 

The following is an excerpt from the American Society of Breast Surgeons:

1.  Early onset breast cancer (diagnosed before age 50)

2.  Two primary breast cancers, either bilateral or ipsilateral 3.  A family history of early onset breast cancer4.  Male breast cancer5.  A personal or family history of ovarian cancer 6.  Ashkenazi (Eastern European) Jewish heritage 7.  A previously identified BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation in the family

Any one of these features alone indicates a risk for harboring a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation.  The presence of more than one of these features raises that risk to greater than 10%, the traditional cutoff for recommending a BRCA test. Such patients should have access to BRCA testing.  A simple risk-calculation model based on the prevalence of mutations seen among women tested for BRCA mutations is available at http://www.brcacalculator.com.

Dr. Mai Brooks is a surgical oncologist/general surgeon, with expertise in early detection and prevention of cancer. More at www.drbrooksmd.com, thecancerexperience.wordpress.com and progressreportoncancer.wordpress.com.
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16
Aug

Breast Cancer Stages: Importance of Knowing Breast Cancer Stages

Determining the breast cancer stages is important since it enables the patient and doctor to identify the treatment necessary for one’s condition. Also, it is essential in assessing the risk of the given condition and what lifestyle changes the patient can do to improve their health. Identifying A Breast Cancer’s StageWhen talking about breast cancer stages, it is aimed at describing the extent of the cancer in the body. So, if you ask how a breast cancer is staged, doctors often start to classify whether it is invasive or non-invasive. Other factors considered are the tumor size, number of nymph modes involved, and what other parts of the body it has managed to affect. Determining a cancer’s stage is helpful during prognosis and deciding on a treatment option.To determine the stage, a few standard procedures are done by the doctor on a patient. They undergo physical exam and biopsy to acquire the data needed by the doctor for the diagnosis. If needed, further tests are also conducted such as imaging tests that include x-ray, bone scans, mammograms for the breasts, CT scans, positron emission tomography (PET), and magentic resonance imaging. What Are the Breast Cancer Stages?Now that the importance of determining the different breast cancer stages have been clarified, as well as the methods used to identify them, it is now time to move on to discussing each of the stages. Take note of the features and extent of the cancer in each of the stages:Breast Cancer Stage 0This stage renders the case of breast cancer to be non-invasive. At this point of the breast cancer, cancer or non-cancerous cells cannot be detected yet. The abnormal cells are still at the stage wherein they try to spread out within the specific part of the breast where the cells are rooted. Also, they can try to expand on the neighboring tissues as the cancerous cells continue to grow. Breast Cancer Stage IOnce the breast cancer enters this stage, it is now categorized as an invasive type of breast cancer. Meaning, the cancer cells have now worked their way towards the neighboring tissues. Stage I breast cancer also exhibit the following characteristics:•    The cancerous tumor has reached the size of 2 centimeters. •    No lymph modes are affected.Breast Cancer Stage IIFor this particular stage of breast cancer, it is also known as an invasive type of cancer and is broken down into two more categories:1) Stage IIAEven in this particular stage, the conditions can be different:•    A tumor does not exist in the breast but cancerous cells are detected in the lymph nodes.•    A tumor could exist but measures less than 2 centimeters;•    The tumor has expanded beyond 2 centimeters but less than 5 centimeters without reaching the lymph nodes.2) Stage IIBThis invasive level of the cancer are recognized as either one of the following:•    The tumor exceeds 2 centimeters in size but less than 5 centimeters, while also reaching the lymph nodes.•    The tumor is more than 5 centimeters in size but has not yet reached the axillary lymph nodes. Breast Cancer Stage III1) Stage IIIAIn this stage, the tumor could either be detected or not. Aside from the axillary lymph nodes, cancer can also stick to other structures outside of the lymph nodes and become clumped together. 2) Stage IIIBIn this stage, the tumor can grow in size and affect other areas of the body outside of the actual breast, whether th chest wall or skin of the breast. This is the stage wherein inflammatory breast cancer takes place.3) Stage IIICIn some cases, sign of breast cancer might not be detectable yet. However, the tumor could already be spreading towards the breast skin, chest wall, and below your collarbone. Breast Cancer Stage IVIn this level, the cancerous cells have managed to spread to various organs of the body. Therefore, the cancer is no longer restricted on the breast and lymph nodes, which signifies the initial diagnosis of breast cancer. The reason why diagnosis is done only during this stage is because cancerous cells were not detected while still within the breast. Recognizing breast cancer stages does more than just identifying treatment options, but also enables doctors and patients to understand the developmental pattern of the disease.

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16
Aug

Breast Cancer – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Breast cancer is a malignant (cancerous) growth that begins in the tissues of the breast. Over the course of a lifetime, one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer. Breast cancer is a cancer of the breast tissue, which can occur in both women and men. Breast cancer may be one of the oldest known forms of cancer tumors in humans.Worldwide, breast cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death (after lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, and colon cancer). Breast cancer kills more women in the United States than any cancer except lung cancer. Today, breast cancer, like other forms of cancer, is considered to be a result of damage to DNA. How this mechanism may occur comes from several known or hypothesized factors (such as exposure to ionizing radiation, or viral mutagenesis). Some factors lead to an increased rate of mutation (exposure to estrogens) and decreased repair (the BRCA1, BRCA2 and p53) genes. Alcohol generally appears to increase the risk of breast cancer.

Breast cancer can also occur in men, although it rarely does. Experts predict 178,000 women and 2,000 men will develop breast cancer in the United States. There are several different types of breast cancer. First is Ductal carcinoma begins in the cells lining the ducts that bring milk to the nipple and accounts for more than 75% of breast cancers. Second is Lobular carcinoma begins in the milk-secreting glands of the breast but is otherwise fairly similar in its behavior to ductal carcinoma. Other varieties of breast cancer can arise from the skin, fat, connective tissues, and other cells present in the breast. Some women have what is known as HER2-positive breast cancer. HER2, short for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, is a gene that helps control cell growth, division, and repair. When cells have too many copies of this gene, cell growth speeds up.

Causes of Breast Cancer

Simply being a woman is the main risk for breast cancer. While men can also get the disease, it is about 100 times more common in women than in men. The chance of getting breast cancer goes up as a woman gets older. Nearly 8 out of 10 breast cancers are found in women age 50 or older. About 5% to 10% of breast cancers are linked to changes (mutations) in certain genes. The most common gene changes are those of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Breast cancer risk is higher among women whose close blood relatives have this disease. The relatives can be from either the mother’s or father’s side of the family. Woman with cancer in one breast has a greater chance of getting a new cancer in the other breast or in another part of the same breast. This is different from the first cancer coming back Many experts now believe that the main reason for this is because they have faster growing tumors. Asian, Hispanic, and American Indian women have a lower risk of getting breast cancer. Certain types of abnormal biopsy results can be linked to a slightly higher risk of breast cancer.Women who have had radiation treatment to the chest area (as treatment for another cancer) earlier in life have a greatly increased risk of breast cancer

Some pregnant women were given the drug DES (diethylstilbestrol) because it was thought to lower their chances of losing the baby. Recent studies have shown that these women (and their daughters who were exposed to DES while in the uterus), have a slightly increased risk of getting breast cancer. Use of alcohol is clearly linked to a slightly increased risk of getting breast cancer. Women who have 1 drink a day have a very small increased risk. Those who have 2 to 5 drinks daily have about 1½ times the risk of women who drink no alcohol. The American Cancer Society suggests limiting the amount you drink.Being overweight is linked to a higher risk of breast cancer, especially for women after change of life and if the weight gain took place during adulthood. Also, the risk seems to be higher if the extra fat is in the waist area. Breast-feeding and pregnancy: Some studies have shown that breast-feeding slightly lowers breast cancer risk, especially if the breast-feeding lasts 1½ to 2 years. This could be because breast-feeding lowers a woman’s total number of menstrual periods, as does pregnancy. Women who began having periods early (before 12 years of age) or who went through the change of life (menopause) after the age of 55 have a slightly increased risk of breast cancer.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

1.Lumps.

2.Rash.

3.Breast Pain.

4.Cysts.

5.Nipple Discharge.

6.Inverted Nipple.

Treatment of Breast Cancer

1.Hormonal therapy (with tamoxifen).

2.Chemotherapy.

3.Radiotherapy.

4.Surgery.

Juliet Cohen writes health articles for health care guide. She also writes articles for women health.
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15
Aug

Breast Cancer Self Examination

Self exam for breast includes some simple steps. It is an easy process in which you determine whether there’s a change in the color, texture or color of your skin. Breast self exam is not complicated; it includes observing your breasts in the mirror, touching and feeling the change if there’s any.

The whole breast cancer self exam process is explained below:

When and how should be breast cancer self exam performed?

Breast self exam should be performed every month on a particular same day. The best time for self exam is a week after your period because your breasts won’t be soared and easy to check. Breast cancer self exam can be performed while lying or in the shower. The whole procedure also includes your armpits and area between your breasts.

Self exam process:

- Self exam your breast while lying down:

Lie down with a pillow under your right shoulder and place your right hand beneath your head. Analyze your entire breast are using the finger pads of your left hand. Go up and down in small circles and use not a lot but slight and firm pressure over each area of your left breast.Press your nipple slightly to check any discharge. Once done then repeat the same process for the left breast.

 

- Self exam in front of the mirror:

Stand straight with your hands at on your sides and observe your breast for any changes in the size, shape and texture of each breast. Gently squeeze both nipples to see if there is any discharge. Repeat the procedures with hands on your hips and above your head.

 

- Self exam in the shower:

 

While under a shower, put your right hand under your hear. The wetness by the water will make it easier for you to sense lumps. Like in the lying process; with small circles go up and down with light and firm pressure over each area of your breast. Again, gently squeeze the nipples to observe any discharge.

Amasch McAndrew has been working with various Medical & Health organizations providing them reports on Medicines & Cancer diseases particularly focused on breast cancer. Therefore, he has a great insight over the issues, treatment and cure of Cancer diseases.

14
Aug

Breast Cancer Time Scale

Breast cancer is affecting approximately 200,000 women each year all over the world. From those, about 5% will die from the disease. The key factor is early detection. The prognosis time frame to treatment time frame varies on the type of testing done. Initial testing should be done at home. It is a simple test of palpating the breast in a circular motion from outer to inner patterns. This test is performed weekly so that you are able to distinguish differences. If any lumps or hardness is found an immediate report to the physician should be made to schedule more definitive testing. Mammograms are performed annually. This is the most effective detection test. Women have been skeptical of this testing method due to it’s discomfort. However, the benefits of knowing outweigh this greatly. An MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) usually detects breast cancer in the opposite breast of women previously diagnosed with breast cancer. After either of these tests are performed, a biopsy is performed to determine the nature of it’s source. In other words, to see if the material is cancerous. One of the more evasive tests is a BDL (Breast Duct Lavage) This test extracts tissue starting from the milk ducts and continues to the nipple through a special pump that covers the nipple. The suction draws out a tiny amount of fluid that tells the physician which ducts to lavage. A catheter is then inserted in the opening of the nipple and saline is used to wash and withdraw more cells. Cancerous cells typically start in the cells that line the ducts. The sample is then studied looking at the cells to determine if they have malignant qualities.Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are common treatments. Results of tests are seen by the doctor within 3 to 7 days. At that point your physician will sit down with you to discuss your unique treatment situation. From there you will learn which method is going to give the best results. When choosing surgery, consider the act itself one that will go quickly. After, there is still more testing to be done and could even call for additional surgery at a later date. Both chemotherapy, and radiation therapy require a longer process. Depending on how much cancer is detected determines the quickness of treatment as well as level of treatment. Cancer of any kind is a curious creature. With the various forms of treatment, more and more women are surviving breast cancer everyday.

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